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Teej is a festival of womanhood. This is
a special festival for married women who are supposed to fast all day
and bathe in the holy waters of the rivers. Dancing, folk songs and the
red color sari that are worn by them on there wedding day dominate the
day of Teej. Red is a symbol of joy and happiness in Nepal and the color
used for marriage ceremonies. Married women are supposed to wear a lot
of red. The days recall the heavenly occasion when Parvati, daughter of
the Himalaya, won the hand of Lord Shiva after severe meditation and fasting.
On the fist day of this festival mothers send sweetmeat, saris to their
daughters' houses. On this day group on women gather together to feast.
At midnight, the women begin a fast in emulation of Parvati. The second
day is for worship. The married ones ask for happy and productive marriage
and a long life for their husband. Those yet to tie nuptial knots ask
for a good husband. It is believed that their married life will be long
and happy and they will not lose their husbands if they celebrate this
festival. The entrance to Pashupatinath Temple is a good place to watch
as crowds of women come down to the river, dressed in brightly colored
saris with red marks on their foreheads.
Rishi Panchami falls on the third day of Teej. On this day, the seven
rishis, or sages, of the Hindu pantheon are worshipped by women to cleanse
all sins of the previous year. Sages are the symbol of the purity of religion
and holy practices in this earth. On this day women clad in red dress
descend to the holy Temple of Lord Pashupatinath to pray to Lord Shiva.
Women clean their teeth and bathe at the holy rivers especially at the
Bagmati River near the Temple of Pashupatinath.
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Taking place towards the end of the Nepalese
month of Shravan, this festival celebrates the exorcism of a mythical
demon, Ghantakarna,"Bell-ears", who, according to legend, terrorized the
Kathmandu valley residents. A god, disguised as a common frog, led the
demon to the death by jumping into a pond. This festival is also represents
ritual detoxifications of the city, when evil spirits are banished outside
the urban limits. The festival is celebrated by acting out the legendary
drama in the streets. To begin with, children of each Kathmandu neighborhood
collect money from a passerby, which is then used to make effigies of
the Gatha-Muga demon, which are erected at street intersections. On this
day, children stretch ropes across the streets and demand money from travelers
to pay for the funeral of the demon. A man impersonates Ghantakarna puts
war paints all over his body goes about begging for money. Surrounded
by the crowds of small children, the group then returns to the effigy.
Effigies of the demon are burned at the end of the day. Before locking
up the house for the night, nails are hammered into the door lintels because
the spooks are supposed to be terrified of iron. Thus marking the victory
of the local inhabitants over the demon.
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In, Hinduism, the Naag or the snake is considered
as divine. The Naag or the divine serpents are believed to be a guardian
of the ground and power over the Monsoon rainfall. Legend has it that
the queen of the Naags, daughter of Lord Shiva, became enraged because
all of Shiva children were worshipped except her. She sends Naags onto
the valley to terrorize the resident. To solve this problem, Lord Shiva
designated this day for the worship of the serpent -gods. On the day of
Naag Panchami, devotees paste pictures of the Naag over their doorways
and pay homage. Milk and rice are left outside the door holes and corners
to assure the blessings of the serpent god. Devotees also take the holy
dip in the pond name as Taudaha, which is 6 km to the south of Kathmandu.
There they worship Karkotak Naag, the serpent king. Kartok moved to this
dwelling after Manjushree drained the Kathmandu Valley, which used to
be a lake in ancient time.
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In the Nepal Era calendar,
Gunla is the name of 10th month. It is a sacred month dedicated to Lord
Buddha. Gunla is marked after the arrival of monsoon rain and the fields
are planted. This festival commemorates the yearly auspicious "rains retreat"
initiated by the Buddha, over 2,500 years ago. He led his close disciples
into solitary meditation and taught them the essence of his principles.
Buddhists from throughout Nepal Climb up the steps of the Swayambhunath
stupa in Kathmandu with traditional musical bands. They spend the month
in prayer and fasting. Oil lamps and colorful prayer flags decorate the
stupa for the month. Devotees make rounds of the monastery to view images
of the Buddha displayed for the occasion. During this festival the Gunla
lakhe (masked dancer) livens the festival with street performances.
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